Spatially varied soil erosion under different climates

نویسندگان

  • PIERRE Y. JULIEN
  • MARTA GONZALEZ DEL TANAGO
  • Pierre Y. Julien
  • Marta Gonzalez
چکیده

The spatial variability of the factors of the universal soil loss equation is examined on the mediterranean basin of Conca de Tremp covering 43.1 km in Spain. The evaluation of the rainfall erosivity R and the soil erodibility K is relatively straightforward and spatially-averaged values of these parameters can be applied to the entire basin. Conversely, the spatial variability of annual soil erosion losses on large basins depends primarily on the factors L, S, and C describing topographic, vegetation and land use parameters. A grid size analysis of soil erosion losses from the Conca de Tremp basin under mediterranean climatic conditions in Spain shows excellent agreement with the earlier results on the Chaudière basin in Canada. It is concluded for both basins that unbiassed estimates of soil erosion losses are obtained for grid sizes less than about 0.125 km. The analysis of the Conca de Tremp basin validates the use of the grid size factor proposed by Julien & Frenette (1987). It is also found that the grid size factor primarily depends on the average slope gradient which decreases with increasing grid size or drainage area. On the other hand, the grid size factor does not depend on the spatial variability of the factors R, K, L and C. Variabilité spatiale de l'érosion des sols sous différents climats Résumé Les variations spatiales des facteurs de l'équation universelle de pertes de sol est examinée sur un bassin méditerranéen en Espagne. Sur le bassin de la Conca de Tremp, couvrant 43.1 km, on démontre que la variation spatiale des paramètres d'agressivité des pluies R et d'érosivité des sols K justifie l'utilisation de valeurs moyennes sur les bassins versants. Par contre, la distribution spatiale des pertes de sol annuelles dépend essentiellement du relief, de la végétation et de l'utilisation des sols. Ainsi, les paramètres L, S et C doivent être évalués soigneusement bien que les méthodes actuelles soient plutôt subjectives. Une analyse de l'influence de la dimension des mailles sur les calculs d'érosion superficielle du bassin de la Conca de Tremp en climat Open for discussion until 1 June 1992 511 Pierre Y. Julien & Marta Gonzalez del Tanago 512 méditerranéen, en Espagne, corrobore les résultats antérieurs obtenus sur le bassin de la rivière de la Chaudière, Canada. L'analyse des deux bassins démontre que les calculs non-biasés de de pertes de sol sont obtenus pour des mailles de taille inférieure à environ 0.125 km. L'analyse du bassin de la Conca de Tremp confirme la validité du facteur de maillage de Julien & Frenette (1987). Ce facteur de maillage dépend principalement de la réduction de pente moyenne des bassins en fonction de la superficie drainée. Par contre, le facteur de maillage ne dépend pas de la distribution spatiale des facteurs R, K, L et C.

برای دانلود رایگان متن کامل این مقاله و بیش از 32 میلیون مقاله دیگر ابتدا ثبت نام کنید

ثبت نام

اگر عضو سایت هستید لطفا وارد حساب کاربری خود شوید

منابع مشابه

The Effect of Land use and Soil Erosion on Soil Organic Carbon and Nitrogen Stock

  Soil organic carbon (SOC) is a principal component in soil quality assessment. Knowledge of SOC and total nitrogen (TN) stocks are important keys to understand the role of SOC in the global carbon cycle and, as a result, in the mitigation of global greenhouse effects. SOC and TN stocks are functions of the SOC concentration and the bulk density of the soil that are prone to changes, influe...

متن کامل

بررسی مقادیر فرسایش و تلفات خاک در سطح کشور با استفاده از ارقام اندازه‌گیری شده روش سزیم 137 و پلات‌های آزمایشی

  Soil erosion is a serious issue in Iran. Determining the rate of soil erosion in various regions could help for better understanding of the erosion condition and soil conservation planning as well. In accordance with this constraint, more than 840 measured values derived from Cs-137 method and experimental plots in 31 research sites countrywide were collected, and analyzed related to differen...

متن کامل

Rare earth element oxides for tracing sediment movement

The development of soil conservation plans and evaluation of spatially distributed erosion models require knowledge of rates of soil loss and sedimentation on different landscape elements and slope positions. Characterization of soil erosion rates and patterns within watersheds is important for the understanding of erosion processes and landscape evolution. Experimental data that show spatial t...

متن کامل

Using Rare-Earth Oxide Tracers for Studying Soil Erosion Dynamics

these advantages will not be fully recognized unless the spatial and temporal predictability of process-based Spatially averaged soil erosion data provide little information on models are validated. Thus, spatially distributed erosion soil erosion dynamics. Dynamically varied, spatially distributed erosion data are needed to better understand erosion processes and data are of great importance i...

متن کامل

Effect of Slope Gradient and Soil Physical Properties on Soil Loss in Furrows of Rainfed Farms

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of slope gradient and soil physical properties (grain size distribution, bulk density, aggregate stability and permeability) on water erosion in the furrows of rainfed farms under fallow conditions. The furrows with 6 m length were installed in five rainfed farms with 6.1, 10.6, 14.8, 20.7 and 27.1% slope steepness at three replications. Resul...

متن کامل

ذخیره در منابع من


  با ذخیره ی این منبع در منابع من، دسترسی به آن را برای استفاده های بعدی آسان تر کنید

عنوان ژورنال:

دوره   شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1991